GNSS Real–Time Precise Point Positioning in Arctic Northeast Passage

Human activities in the Arctic regions have been increasing recent years due to impacts of climate change, such as Sea ice decline. For example, there has an increase shipping routes. A robust navigation system with a high positioning accuracy is required when traversing extremely challenging environment ensure safety human activities. However, high–precision GNSS and method, e.g., real–time kinematic (RTK), not available polar accessibility issues infrastructures. On other hand, International Service (IGS) enables applications; additionally, quick convenient satellite communication systems are also available. This offers possibility precise point (RT–PPP) multi–GNSS for high-precision Arctic. In our paper, we analyzed performance RT–PPP Northeast Passage (NEP), highlighting following contributions: First, device installed on M/V TIANHUI, which passed through NEP from 10 September 20 2019; Second, quantitatively evaluated collected signals terms maximum elevations, number visible satellites (NSAT), position dilution precision (PDOP) values, signal–to–noise ratio (SNR), multipath errors. Third, CLK93 products compared Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) final GBM. Finally, carried out experiments both single– (SF) dual–frequency (DF) during 11–day testing period. Our experimental results show that meter–level can be achieved SF RT–PPP, while DF model reaches sub–decimeter values even centimeter–level accuracy. addition, using showed average RMS horizontal vertical directions 0.080 m 0.057 m, respectively, demonstrating improvement approximately 70% over single–GPS solutions.